How the braking system works?
The braking system is placed on any vehicle in order to provide full control, as well as the safety on the road.
This system has branching:
main (working) - designed to slow the car by 5.8 m / s2 and above, when driving at speeds of up to 80 km / h and applied force to the pedal up to 50 kg;
ancillary (emergency) - works in the event of a failure of the main braking system ;
parking - serves to fix vehicles on the ground for a long time.
Consider the main components of the braking system installed in a car.
Master Cylinder
The design serves as the central node of the braking system. Its task is to convert the force applied to the brake pedal to the pressure occurring in the brake fluid, and then uniformly passing through the working circuits.
Master Cylinder is placed on the cover of the vacuum amplifier. And above the cylinder put a 2-section tank with a certain amount of brake fluid, necessary to partially compensate for its loss during evaporation or leakage from the vehicle.
To adjust the level of the brake fluid in the reservoir there are transparent walls with check marks, as well as a special sensor that sends a signal for a strong loss of liquid by lighting the indicator on the dashboard in the vehicle's interior.
The vacuum amplifier of the braking system
Vacuum amplifier is a complete unit with the master cylinder described above. Its components: body, diaphragm, follow-up valve, pusher, piston rod of master cylinder, return spring.
The purpose of this mechanism is to help the driver during the braking moments.
In unforeseen situations during the movement of the car, for a more confident reduce of the speed, an emergency braking system is connected to the amplifier.
Drive of the braking system
With the help of this unit, the braking mechanisms are controlled. There are 5 design options: mechanical, hydraulic, electric, pneumatic and combined.
Brake discs and pads
The brake disc has two components: the central part and the rotor.
The central part of the disk is made of cast iron, aluminum or other metals. It can be either an independent part or in a spike with a rotor.
The rotor is most often made of cast iron, since this alloy is slowly abraded. The part is an annular surface with which the brake pads interact at the moment of braking.
The rotor is attached to the central part of the disc, and the latter to the hub of the car wheel.
To increase the cooling of the disk during operation, it is performed with cavities for air circulation and ventilation.
Brake shoe (in a simple way, "shoe") - the main working component of the braking system. The material from which it is poured is a metal alloy with various impurities (ceramics, organic dust, etc.). From what formula is used in the manufacture, depends both the durability and the cost of this part.
On each wheel set a pair of shoes, which create a brake acceleration, pressing spring elements to the slide. On both pads wear special friction pads, and also complete the wear sensor.
Brake caliper
This mechanism is of two types: floating and fixed (with one-sided and two-sided placement of pistons).
The principle of the brake caliper
When the driver of the vehicle presses on the brake pedal, a special piston in the master cylinder starts injecting the brake fluid, which flows through the tubes and hoses to the brake caliper.
The pressure relief piston comes forward. On the one side of the piston, the first movable brake shoe is installed and presses on one side of the disk, on the other hand the second, with the fixed fastening. As a result, the brake disc on both sides is compressed by pads, and due to their friction, the rotation of the disc on the wheel (and a total of four) slows down and the car stops.
As you can see, a lot of elements are involved in the braking system of the car, requiring systematic inspection, diagnostics and replacement.
If you want to open your own business for maintenance of suspension components, we recommend to buy a table for the diagnosis and repair of brake calipers. To do this, go to: https://servicems.eu/for-diagnostics-of-braking-system
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